Liu widow recalled: the Cultural Revolution, not to overthrow Liu
Please write a sequel of, published in this issue to readers.
unavoidable problem
interview in front of our review, collate, to trial the whole process, there are some issues not included in the article, is not avoided. Song Wenyu too busy to add that I went to interview, to ask. That is, Comrade Shaoqi met children of fathers in the room to discuss a memorial service thing, Wang Guangmei said to me: As an outsider, things at home are not avoiding you, what do you put forward is not clear though. Later, the two how such a huge contradiction, differences? Some people say that the Party's Eighth National Congress in 1956, they have differences and power struggles, and Chairman Mao, is years, still fresh.
Comrade Shaoqi met Chairman Mao in 1922 and later engaged in the labor movement and the white area of work, a very long time and not with Chairman Mao. But the wisdom of Comrade Shaoqi sagacity, outstanding competence and outstanding achievements and won the trust of Chairman Mao and the party in March .1943, adjust the CPC Central Committee leadership body of Chairman Mao, Comrade Shaoqi and the three-member secretary of Comrade Ren Bishi, Chairman Mao was elected the first official political Bureau and the Secretariat Chairman, Comrade Shaoqi as the first secretary of the Central Military Commission Vice Chairman, as Chairman Mao's close aide, two great men at the same time as the whole army of the first and second in command, from much closer co-operation.
from the 20th century 50's, the CPC Central Committee and sub-line, second line, presided over by Comrade Shaoqi front line. country is so big, so much to do, the situation is very complex and have no experience, Comrade Shaoqi angle of approach, depth and different work styles and Chairman Mao, it is inevitable that some different views, and Chairman Mao often some new thinking, new ideas, Comrade Shaoqi always feel a little catch up. as in the agricultural co-operative movement, in the socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce Sun Xingsheng in exploring the socialist economic construction, there have been some problems had different views from different angles and ideas, are the views of working in the normal differences, never power struggle, did not affect the two feelings. less great respect for Chairman Mao, Comrade Church, followed by Chairman Mao and the party loyal to safeguard unity and unison.
eight in 1956, on the party, Comrade Shaoqi as , mutual respect, mutual learning. Eight closing soon, the resolution of Chairman Mao that the principal contradiction in relation to the formulation of a socialist society is not perfect, the words of the resolution expressed doubts about the reference. This sentence is: the essence of a contradiction in China's socialist system, the case has been established, which is an advanced socialist system and the backward social productive forces, the contradiction between. with the. Chairman Mao at this time does not negate the resolution, the principal contradiction and the main tasks on the basic thesis. Later, he also made that said: not perfect, but it was good, no troubles. There have been some major events at home and abroad, it is indeed food for thought. First, Poland, Hungary and the Soviet leadership events and the intense internal struggle, a great impact; then, there have been many domestic mass demonstrations, strikes, strikes, social withdrawal downtown farmers and seek a serious wave of food shortages, and even beaten to make trouble, to Big shock.
order to consolidate the position of China and the ruling to the unanimous decision of the Party Central Committee headed by Chairman Mao, from the political, ideological and economic development are two aspects to solve the problem: one is to correctly handle contradictions among the people, the whole party rectification, consolidating the ruling position; the other is like a series of major reforms, the enthusiasm of people across the country are mobilized to promote the rapid development of socialist economic construction. So in 1958, Chairman Mao put forward the general line of socialist construction, ; the Great Leap Forward many exciting results. we all believe they have found the correct road to socialism high-speed development, the results did not expect to have committed a serious canteens and exaggerating a big way, ;, but wrongly criticized Peng Laozong in the country off , this was the extreme seriousness of the problem. In conclusion, the reasons for three difficult years, looking for ways to overcome the problem, the two great men began to occur between the real differences of opinion.
great differences between the two
early 1962, expanding the work of the Central Conference (commonly known 七千人大会) held in Beijing, concluded, especially since the founding of the achievements since 1958 and lessons learned to overcome the difficulties. Comrade Shaoqi oral report in the General Assembly, that ; third act of God, seven man-made is the beginning of differences between the two.
七千人大会 later, still presided over by Comrade Shaoqi central work, but also in problem-solving measures were divided with Chairman Mao, which is the household responsibility system in agricultural production problems. production contract home is referred to, in fact, including the early 20th century, 60 formed in our various forms of rural household responsibility system as the main unit. Chairman Mao had in 1961 agreed that the first secretary of Anhui Provincial Zeng Xisheng Test household responsibility system. Shaoqi heart out in favor of the household responsibility system in rural areas, but as a precautionary measure, there is no clear indication in public attitude. early 1962, Tian Jiaying returned to Beijing from rural Hunan to the investigation report, Comrade Shaoqi, household responsibility system in rural areas, the views put forward. Shaoqi agreed, and agreed to Tian Jiaying report to Chairman Mao. During this period, Chen Yun and Deng Xiaoping, also expressed on various occasions agreed with the views of the household responsibility system. But beyond less Comrade odd surprise, not only did not agree with Chairman Mao's idea of the household responsibility system, but also severely criticized the Tian Jiaying et al. Although Tian Jiaying reported that a personal opinion, but Chairman Mao, Comrade Shaoqi in the same conversation, Comrade Shaoqi still before presided over a period expressed dissatisfaction in Beijing, accusing him of problems in the household responsibility system, why did not resist. Since then, Comrade Shaoqi back their views, and cadres in the interview decentralized conversations, specifically about the issue of consolidating the collective economy .
Chairman Mao's strategic departure from the combat and prevent revisionism, decided to launch a widespread urban and rural areas in the country's socialist education movement, the Great Leap Forward socialism.
socialist education movement has a development process. The education campaign should be how to engage, not the beginning there will be a set of specific principles, policies and methods. Chairman Mao in the exploration, exploration, Comrade Shaoqi Party leaders at all levels are exploring. in the exploration, there are always different opinions occur. As the movement in depth, Chairman Mao and Comrade Shaoqi, mainly in the nature and working methods of the movement there is disagreement between .1964 years on December 15 to January 14, 1965, the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau held a central working conference in Beijing. During the meeting, Chairman Mao, Comrade Shaoqi repeatedly harsh criticism without naming names.
The first is the nature of the campaign question, Comrade Shaoqi grassroots organizations focus primarily on the consolidation of grassroots cadres, and is mainly speculation, corruption, theft and other economic issues, and the main problems to deal with as the contradictions among the people. Although he was raised chasing the root cause of the above , conflicts and contradictions among the people the enemy cross together. Chairman Mao obviously do not agree with this view. He is considered more those in power within the party will issue a revisionist, repeatedly stressed that the class contradictions and class struggle and anti-revisionism repair the serious situation of .71 birthday, Chairman Mao's royalties with their own specially invited many people to dinner. Diyan everyone when he, for example, now can use the boxes of cigarettes to bribe a branch secretary; if daughter to marry a cadre, then what to what, they are both working class and poor peasant in sharp opposition to the class. He firmly believes that the danger of revisionism in the party have, especially those ; the most dangerous corruption of cadres. It is based on such estimates and opinions, he decided to rural theft, against speculation and oppose extravagance and waste, oppose decentralization, oppose bureaucracy) together, collectively, the stressed that Chairman Mao, Comrade Shaoqi is not satisfied. Wang Guangmei asked me if I engaged in a and ; Taoyuan experience, ;. Chairman Mao stressed the need to believe that relying on the masses, mobilize the masses to rise in struggle to let go.
drafting and adoption of the conference, .) After the meeting, Chairman Mao, Comrade Shaoqi approached to do a self-criticism. Later, he held continuously in their own homes, some central leaders of the party life and hear their criticism and help, and asked Chen Boda the case of the daily life would be reporting to Chairman Mao. Although Comrade Shaoqi these efforts, but Chairman Mao and Comrade Shaoqi did not eliminate the rift between the. written by Chairman Mao goes, of a poster, Comrade odd political overthrow, Chairman Mao also said the formulation of Odd Comrade? Wang Guangmei clear , does not lead to How to engage. we know what to do, too anxious for fear of a mistake committed . Chairman Mao has never felt so lost, very unwilling, very angry, and rebuked the Beijing Municipal Committee was palace of hell , the effort to draw a deal Jiang Qing, Lin Biao and Jiang Qing, from the army to help open a gap in literary and art circles, Jiang Qing, the tree is the national there is much dissatisfaction with the party committees do, formulated the They build schools and directly instigated the anti-Beijing Municipal Committee, posted a very strong smell of gunpowder posters, shook the central leaders. Shaoqi, Premier Zhou Enlai and Deng support a serious criticism of Beijing's new Party, emphasized that the state law of the land .1966 papers reported on June 1, Chairman Mao instructed agree to the nation around the world broadcast the Nie their posters. Lin Biao, Jiang Qing, Kang Sheng and Chen Boda deliberately carried out of their group, ignition campaign, has finally come to the school as a breakthrough, the student movement as . asked the Chairman Mao, Comrade Shaoqi, the auspices of the Politburo Standing Committee meeting to discuss measures to expand and agreed by Chairman Mao decided to sent a work team controlled chaos, maintaining social stability. and to Kang Sheng was the Cultural Revolution Group, headed by encouraging students to resist the rebels, set off a wave of anti-working group, Comrade Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping and Kang Sheng, Chen Boda rapid intensification of the direct contradiction .1966 Chairman Mao on the evening of July 18 and returned to Beijing, Chen Boda they Ze Park Shique eat a small meeting, Chairman Mao rage, severely criticized the less they are afraid of strange people, Comrade Shaoqi can not help but face to face talk back: The Working Group is engaged in suppression of the dictatorship of mass movement, Comrade Shaoqi defense when the Church: two days to write a Comrade Shaoqi Why must the mass movement of the working group and the issue of in vigorously mass movement, like the sensation, but also or even irrational; if not timely to strengthen leadership, the right guidance, it is easy to get out of control, resulting in tremendous destructive power. the risk that must be sent a work team to control the situation, and resist extreme leftist thought. Unfortunately, Chairman Mao, Comrade Shaoqi still do not understand, and finally he himself was Lin Biao, Kang Sheng, Jiang Qing and the ultra-left movement has caused a group of miserable .
about Chairman Mao and Comrade Shaoqi and the deterioration of the differences between the ins and outs, Wang Guangmei not in favor of the children to write a lot of memories of the article. We are very understanding, very much respect this view. However, I pay special attention, also want to know, Wang Guangmei and children are not particularly hate Chairman Mao. people think that the tragedy of Comrade Shaoqi, Chairman Mao's own making, but for his re-Lin Biao, Kang Sheng, Chen Boda, Jiang Qing, the ; will not mess that caused so much disaster. they could not hate Mao it?! but in the interview process, I feel every time they talked about Chairman Mao and Comrade Shaoqi differences are fairly calm, realistic. that they do not hate that is not, first with resentment and hate, and then there are grudges, hate, tragedy has long been out of the arrest of individuals and families caught, more objective, fair, rational, open-minded.
Wang Guangmei told me and their gang are out to stir up trouble like Chairman Mao is impossible to keep things under control. In fairness, though Chairman Mao, Comrade Shaoqi very dissatisfied, write a poster, but still when the contradictions among the people, as Comrade their own mistakes, and no filing review, nor should Shaoqi to death. In October 1966 the central work conference, Mao said: there are reasons to make mistakes comrade. . > January 13, 1967 night, alone at the Great Hall of Chairman Mao, Comrade Shaoqi called in to inquire about recent developments Wang Guangmei and the kids, very polite, and no criticism of Comrade Shaoqi. When the request personally, Comrade Shaoqi resigned from all positions, to return home farming, urge the liberation of the cadres and the early end of the moment, Chairman Mao, Comrade Shaoqi was recommended read a few books, yet the title was wrong. After all, a close ally for decades, Chairman Mao, Comrade Shaoqi finally been delivered to the door, kindly asked him: ; study hard and take care of themselves. mobilized, the President himself for losing control. is exactly the Lin Biao, Kang Sheng, Jiang Qing and Xie Fu gang govern them. they will override the Political Bureau of the Central Cultural Revolution Group and the Standing Committee of the above, Jiang also has a special status, firmly control the the use of scale Odd plot harm by their comrades that died.
1966 年 8 12, in the closing session of the Eleventh Plenum, Comrade Shaoqi standing down from eighth in the second, Lin Biao l into second place. election, Comrade Shaoqi stand ready to bear all the responsibility and resign from the Standing Committee of the request, President and all other positions. At this time, only Lin can not help but call Comrade Shaoqi handshake, his ambition all too clear.
1967 年 2 mid-May, Chairman Mao at the meeting, when the nine selected to the Central Committee, Comrade Shaoqi. This will be the Lin Biao, Kang Sheng, Jiang Qing, Xie Fuzhi This group of people very nervous. Most of them were started by Comrade Shaoqi down, especially fear of Comrade Shaoqi . they feel less odd is the greatest threat to gay live, must be ; Sixty-one people renegade group , Chairman Mao, I have felt so ; imperial sword mean brutal interrogation by means of false evidence, even Chairman Mao explicitly protect the well-known historian Jian Bozan couple drove committed suicide. Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou Enlai that furious, and ordered just let the panel length for a line, cut off with Chairman Mao, Comrade Shaoqi, Premier Zhou Enlai and the Political Bureau of the all ties, tight block all messages, so no chance of Comrade Shaoqi and approaches to complaints. Third, control of public opinion, the first to cook up charges, setting off a round of mass criticism climax, resulting in whole dead. They do not take advantage of Chairman Mao in Beijing, hundreds of thousands of Red Guards and instigating the rebels set up a ;, Kang Sheng Cao Yi Ou wife to black and blue legs lame, never direct it up. they follow Lin Biao save their lives. In this catastrophe, Comrade Shaoqi was a family with four family members tortured to death, six sisters and brothers in jail, even only a six-year-old Xiaoxiao also survive the attacks and criticism.
No wonder, one day Wang Guangmei I arrived at the door, I heard people coming from the corridor above the shouting and the pounding sound of the door. Wang Guangmei pulled me into the room that it was Cao Yi-European family. Kang Sheng's casket on the Babaoshan One hall, had been exposed to cover the party flag, boxes full of teeth on the layers of phlegm and spit saliva, as well as the numerous burns with cigarettes traces, Cao Yi, Europe had to take home the urn. The apartment building, mostly just the implementation of policies moved to the old comrades, who did not survive their whole? So these old comrades took turns at the door of Europe, Cao Yi, protest, protest posters, some still in front of paste.
eternal life we miss the most memorable
successful completion of an interview, flat, steady stream, Maxine Hong Kingston's Wang Guangmei always in mind to.
years later, Wang Guangmei a very busy, I can not disturb, rarely meet, but has maintained contact and deep friendship. Wang Guangmei deliberately gave me a sign, years, gave the Spring Festival almost every year I sent her an autographed greeting card, Comrade Shaoqi Shihai centenary commemorative stamps to send me a little odd, I treasure my illness to live In 1986 305 hospitals, with a stream of Wang Guangmei love to see the old hospital cook gay Miao Hao, see my cordial greetings to my condition will also make stream of love called me Positive check in, Wang Guangmei hurry to catch a flight, all the way to see me to say hello. I hurried up to shake hands with greetings, she said, is to participate in Henan Province, Comrade Shaoqi Memorial activities for the . I saw her lean more and more old. The people and their great mother had each other tightly, her thin body with the little heat, the warmth of the mother world, so full of hurt and limitless admiration.
2004 In June, I am personally from the newspaper that Wang Guangmei convened by the stream of personal contact, Chairman Mao and Chairman Liu two generations come together, then were friends, so people who lived through that era especially surprised and moved. It made me think of the Central Committee of the Research work, listening to old comrades in the run, since Chairman Mao passed away, the daughter of Chairman Mao and Jiang Qingsheng Line very good physical and mental, permanent hospital and could not go to work, alone with his son life is very difficult. Wang Guangmei just out of prison that this situation to bring home to find Aunt Lina Zhao, himself settled down to help her purchase of kitchen appliances, housework, cleaning, when we chat, about her body and life. But we interview, Wang Guangmei and the kids never mentioned these things. Later, the Line wedding, love Wangjing Qing in Yan'an Comrade Shaoqi had a bodyguard, married with children are warmly congratulated Wang Guangmei, more intimate between the two. Still later, the son of Wang Hsiao-Chi Line marriage is made steady stream media, in the wedding ceremony, pouring a seat speech touched everyone on the wedding. In Wang Guangmei home, has hung and the children of Chairman Mao and Wang Guangmei huge cordial conversation photos. Not only that, Lin Doudou year daughter was ill in Henan, who did not dare to sign the report is signed stream of words, arranged for her medical treatment back to Beijing.
Yuanyuan told me, this is not smile can melt away allies and enemies, is common, is unforgettable, and often the topic of our total. However, as later, including my mother, are not willing to always live in the nightmare of history, to keep the pain of history, unpopular with the people gone, but not spread to younger people who will hate, but rather a realistic manner with a scientific view of history to re-examine the history, knowledge and understanding of the real occurrence of the tragedy of the historical background, historical conditions and historical reasons, a lot of great men to understand the true state of mind , a lot of the history of great men of tolerance limitations and mistakes, think more of the older generation are close to unity, work together to create glorious victory of our party and the good side of the country, and more beneficial to look forward and move forward and learn from that history experience. this historic tragedy of our greatest spiritual heritage, is to make us understand that only unity and harmony, have a happy, prosperous and powerful; if the split within the bucket to the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as general secretary, unity and harmony, close cooperation with the scientific concept of development in building our ruling party, improve democracy and legal system, not only will not hesitate to crack down on corruption, and improve the governance and rejuvenation of party spirit, emphasizing the harmonious society descendants invited to get together with family, eat a meal at the table of friendship. In fact, this is not the first time, it was the last time before his death his mother, expressing her thanks, and fulfilled her wish.
Yes ah, is Wang Guangmei advocacy and in under the leadership of the descendants of two great men brushed the dust of history, friendship forever, this is a great soul in heaven two comfort, but also an explanation to the people and history, a demonstration, Wang Guangmei reflect the ethical, broad mind and boundless love .2006 October 17, I learned from the news of 85-year-old Wang Guangmei passed away at 13 am, quickly rushed to Liu, but also to the memory of 305 hospitals, have not seen the stream of facing me worth of sadness. hall around, winning smile, bright flowers surround a portrait of Wang Guangmei. emerges out of my eyes beautiful scenes interview that year, my heart filled with bursts of grief, hold in mouth, tears, the outstanding Chinese women to bow deeply !
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