Introduction Sniper (sniper) and through the ages

 Ranking of World War II Sniper
Finland, simo hyh
known as on March 6 by another sniper dumdum bullets hit the Soviets withdrew from the face combat. From this point, it really is the strongest sniper war showdown between the shooter. Simon been in close oblique bomb wounded broken jaw.
Top
Simo Hayha snipers of World War II Finland 542
Ivan Sidorenko 500
Nikolay Yakovlevich Ilyin Soviet Union, Soviet Union, Soviet Union, 496
Kulbertinov 487
Mikhail Budenkov the Soviet Union. 437
Fyodor Matveevich Okhlopkov the Soviet Union. 429
Fyodor Djachenko 425
Vasilij Ivanovich Golosov the Soviet Union Soviet Union Soviet Union 422
Afanasy Gordienko 417
Stepan Petrenko 412
Erwin Konig the Soviet Union, Germany 400
Vasili Zaitsev 400
Semen D. Nomokonov Soviet Union, Soviet Union, 367
Abdukhani Idrisov 349
Philipp Yakovlevich Rubaho Soviet Union, Soviet Union, 346
Matthias Hetzenauer 345
Victor Ivanovich Medvedev Germany, the Soviet Union 331
E. Nicolaev 324
Leonid Yakovlevich Butkevich the Soviet Union Soviet Union 315
Lyudmila M. Pavlichenko (F) 309
Alexander Pavlovich Lebedev Soviet Union Soviet Union Soviet Union 307
Ivan Pavlovich Gorelikov 305
Ivan Petrovich Antonov 302
Heinz Soviet Union Thorvald Germany 300
Gennadij Iosifovich Velichko 300
Moisej Timofeyevich Usik the Soviet Union Soviet Union 300
Nataly V. Kovshova &
Maria Polivanova (Female team) 300
Ivan Filippovich Abdulov Soviet Union, Soviet Union, 298
Yakov Mikhajlovich Smetnev 279
Zhambyl Evscheyevich Tulaev Soviet Union, Soviet Union, Germany, 262
Sepp Allerberger 257
Fyodor Kuzmich Chegodaev 250
Ivan Ivanovich Bocharov Soviet Union, the Soviet Union. 248
Mikhail Ignatievich Belousov Soviet Union 245
David Teboevich Doev 226
Vasilij Shalvovich Kvachantiradze Soviet Union, Soviet Union, 215
Mikhail Stepanovich Sokhin 202
Noj Petrovich Adamia Soviet Union, Soviet Union, 200
Feodosy Smeljachkov 125
I. Merkulov Soviet Union Soviet Union Soviet Union 125 125
H. Andruhaev
Sgt. Passar 103
VN Pchelintsev Soviet Union, Soviet Union 102
Aliya Moldagulova (F) Soviet Union 91
Lidiya Gudovanceva (F) 76
Helmut Wirnsberger Soviet Union, Germany, the Soviet Union 57 64
P. Grjaznov
dumdum all know it, burst hh
Sniper (Sniper) before and after the word from the 1773 British soldiers stationed in India, a game, where soldiers often kill a taxi
Ming Jiaosha Cone Bird (Snipe) the agile bird. because this bird is very difficult to hit, so long this road is called a sniper. Later, sniper formal name for a professional sniper. true in the modern sense Sniper is now the beginning of World War I, when German soldiers freely choose a sniper, most of them with the background of hunters and forest rangers, two lines of what the British and French troops and Russian forces caused great destruction. To this end, In the end of the war, the British set up a special anti-sniper sniper school to train qualified personnel.
Generally, snipers are divided into two: one is received sniper training, complete with formal formal establishment of the sniper, the other One is the temporary selection of a gun during the war and accurate shooter. For a sniper, the strong body and iron will is the essential prerequisite for the good quality of it is just basic marksmanship. for the sniper training, in addition to urging the implementation of the concept and master the sniper weapon system, including how to calculate the differential impact of wind and range, potential road to learn to select tactical maneuver routes, and build firing positions, concealed access and withdrawal positions, observation and find hidden targets. sniper must be good at observing the theater, to determine the position of suspicious sounds good at the use of artificial and natural camouflage materials, able to quickly maneuver, with the ability to endure long hours incubation. In addition, snipers also need to accurately interpret maps and aerial photos of the capacity of the battlefield, which often can help sniper quickly and safely enter and exit positions and battlefield.
for in the wild withdrawal routes, evacuation plans and safe even before early developed into a good position.
great role in the war sniper
goal is not just anti-each other's personnel, in fact, they often can play a normal the role of infantry tactics can not be achieved. For example, members of the tank by snipers, tanks, periscope and communications equipment to the loss of fire fighting; can be delayed by damage to key equipment for operations such as enemy bases. In addition, similar to the ammunition depot , oil library, the headquarters and other weak links are very vulnerable to snipers, tactical high-value targets.
as the German Wehrmacht in World War II record in the first place snipers shot Matthias. Noel Wendy and his recorded as 345 killed. He has said that measuring a sniper's success is not how many people he killed, but rather how he can cause effects on the enemy. snipers killed enemy if officers are often able to defeat the enemy's attack. World War II, Soviet sniper tactics fully aware of the value and be promoted. In the battle of Stalingrad, the Soviet snipers that German troops had a great fear for the morale of German troops from combat to an important role. According to statistics, during World War II, killing a soldier average to 2.5 million rounds of ammunition. the Vietnam War soldier to be killed on average every 20 million rounds of ammunition, a sniper in the same period, however, has an average of only 1.3 Development needs.
a sniper is not only a war can only influence the development of, and sometimes can change the course of history. in the North American War of Independence, the British army, Patrick. Colonel Ferguson attacks on the establishment and development initiatives hand are known as the Continental Army was the British colonial army in the most dangerous forces. Ferguson himself is a renowned sniper, but that he was renowned for his famous Germanic near the city Ferguson was on target at 125 yards of a U.S. military officer, as the officer turned to leave, Ferguson may be due to a gentleman with no shot to his back. He could have changed throughout history, because they were aimed at the person he is leading the United States independent George. Washington. The irony is that Ferguson himself was in October 1780 by the Continental Army of the Kentucky rifle at 450 yards on the hand of death, to surrender his troops After the British general Kanghua Li was forced to abandon the general attack against North Carolina. In contrast, the October 7, 1777, the North American Continental Army in Kentucky, a sniper rifle team in Saratoga Murphy Battle led his unit killed the British general reconnaissance Simon. Frayser general. Frayser direct impact on the situation of the war dead, leading to the British general John. Berg bankruptcy due to the breakout program, became the Battle of Saratoga turning point of the North American War of Independence. In a sense, the sniper shot Murphy in human history, perhaps the most weight bullet.
attacks requires constant training and experience accumulated since the second
Since World War II, the training of snipers little change: a sniper's basic training for 6 weeks. at this time of the convention can be traced back to World War II, when the sniper instructors typically come from front-line troops, they In the sniper to stay at least 6 weeks after the school often have to return to the front. In contrast, sniper guns and equipment changes have been rapid, especially in view of pointing device, all the way from the development of optical aiming devices to the concept of infrared aiming devices and low light level .
modern sniper task generally done in teams, usually including a sniper and an observer, which sometimes is the second sniper. Generally speaking, in addition to the necessary sniper rifle, the sniper hand equipment can also include pistols, camouflage clothing, camouflage paint, binoculars, radio communication equipment, infrared or night vision devices, maps, compass, and food. In order to maintain a long latent hidden most of the snipers use the water bag and straw, or even liquid high-calorie foods. World War II German sniper with the highest kill record Matthias. Wendy and Noel said that a sniper must always single-minded, not to serve in addition to attacks outside the task. WWII German sniper kill record is second to Allan Berg, that calm, confidence and courage are the essential qualities of a good sniper. how to measure and correct the trajectory of firearms, how to master shooting need time to accumulate experience and continuous training.
two effective anti-sniper tactics
According to reports, in 1994, the first Chechen war, the Chechen illegal armed snipers on the city of Grozny, Russian forces entered caused significant destruction. just 131 Russian tour in 3 days on the loss of nearly 800 people and 20 tanks, 102 armored vehicles. According to statistics, in the second Chechen war, Russian 80% of the casualties is still Chechen rebel sniper by the result. for the attacks on the troops, usually suspicious of the fire suppression position to interfere with sniper fire, and rapidly approaching the enemy, to find the sniper. looking for enemy snipers method including through the gunfire, the dynamic of plants and animals, the injection angle of the bullet, and even speculation that the enemy may use to determine the favorable terrain.
, of course, the best way to deal with enemy snipers are deployed snipers on one's own the hunt. In order to counter the German snipers during World War I British military snipers opened the first school .1955 m1956 years, the U.S. Army Infantry Training School set up a training camp striker, which is the U.S. military attack hand, the predecessor of the school. the school's training articles include: The best way to deal with enemy snipers are assigned to another well-trained snipers. for sniper tactics, the discovery of goals is an important part of . snipers hunting each other, there is a way to track known as SLLS that stop (stop), observe (look), listen (listen), smell (smell), is constantly aware of its purpose may be being watched you, and not to expose themselves rashly.
sniper brings fear is not death, but the thing is that even when the dead do not know the word
sharpshooter first use in English in 1802, it first appeared in a series of British Army military dictionary, used to call the Austrian infantry units. until the 1810s, sharpshooter already had GM. Meanwhile, sharpshooter the word was spelled sharp shooter, sharp and keen to describe people meaning. sharp shooter is of keen, accurate shooter; if terms from other languages, German is Scharfschutze, French is tireur drelite, meaning more clearly. should be translated into Chinese In modern usage, the also disguise, stealth, reconnaissance and special training of the shooter, etc., requiring more than normal at the assassination of people sneaking, it is not very fair and square, so the word has praised a derogatory meaning, the audience can not see the idea. As the negative impression of people, so the foreign security units have traditionally been under the striker said they are began to accept the When Achilles invincible swagger around in front of Troy, from the wall, I do not know that was a Cold Arrow corner shot, shot him in the ankle Vital.
of course, do not have to gun for sniper , but in general usage, mainly closely related with modern firearms.

in the early development of the history of firearms, there are very important with attacks on two inventions, one rifle, the other is aiming device .
the first line in the shell leaving the barrel wall is pulled in 1498 in Vienna Caspar Kollner, but his rifle is a straight two lines, should be used to speed up the loading speed, rather than used to improve accuracy. real use of spiral Rifle is believed to be in the 1500 to 1520, the in today Germany's Nuremberg area began; now saved the first one had rifled gun was in 1544 in the Swiss-made, existing in Zurich museum.
As for the target device, roughly the same before and after the 1500 invention, is the most basic of sight, according to the door with. With the rifle and aiming devices, greatly improving shooting accuracy, up to 200 meters away. It is said that sixteen century, the famous painter and inventor Leonardo da Vinci (Leonardo Da Vinci) who came with a homemade rifle Florence wall, aimed at enemy siege fired a shot, hit 300 meters an enemy soldier outside.
since the sixteenth century, the former bore rifle in Central Europe (today's Germany and Austria) began a large number of applications, the kind of rifle was known as the jaeger, the barrel is short, mainly used in hunting and competition on. to 1567, the Zurich and Bern, Switzerland, organized by region has always used a rifle shooting competition, shooting a fashion that has spread quickly throughout Europe.
At that time all over the princes of Germany's main income is the export mercenaries, who provided military service in Europe, is equipped with It is that jaeger rifles, these German mercenaries, also known as jaeger. However, the use of rifle with the rifle when the warhead must be closely engaged and the same can not be used as the musket barrel diameter smaller than the diameter of the projectile, the muzzle-loading rifle is very difficult and time consuming. for the sake of keeping a lot of firepower, the regular forces of all countries still with a shotgun, only a few avant-garde forces (skirmisher) was equipped with rifles.
early development in the United States, some immigrants moved to America to Central Europe and settled in Pennsylvania area, jaeger also will spread to America . Since reclamation, hunting, self-defense needs, jaeger become an indispensable tool. After the improvement of pioneers, smaller caliber, barrel extension, plus stock, also soaked in oil warheads with a cloth or leather bag muzzle-loading on the benefit. This is the famous Kentucky rifle origin (the name has to be to settle down until 1812, when Kentucky is a pioneering outpost).
the American Revolution (1775-1780)
the beginning of the American Revolution, the United States Continental Congress adopted a bill to recruit 10 to assist in the fight with rifles hand, is one of the most famous Captain Morgan (Col. Daniel Morgan) led the rifle hand (Morganrs Riflemen). Because of their familiar with the wilderness environment, the use of the terrain and have special expertise, as auxiliary forces in combat, specifically to disrupt the British officers and the ranks of Fuying Jun. of their firing range about between 200-400 yards, with the then muskets, war is usually in the 80 yards from the British regular troops, such is as the flesh in general. but also because they are freely used, and often do not listen to military orders bound themselves to slip out of the British Open a few shots , the U.S. military commander in the tactical use is very difficult. as General Washington's perception of them is not how good, have said they are more like a contagious plague and not useful resources (an asset .may be said to be in the very back luck. British Army Colonel Han format (Col. George Hanger) Colonel in 1814, wrote such a passage:
many of them bad), can hit 80 yards outside of the humanoid target, or even 100 yards; but if a soldier is the enemy at 150 yards with a common aim with his gun and wounded, then he really is a very unlucky a; As usual want to use a gun who shot 200 yards away, then you might as well shoot to the moon, both the opportunity to hit the target are the same. the British also hired to help fight the German jaeger. These jaeger rifle troops of the U.S. general posing a great threat, but due to the short range guns, or hand unable to deal with Kentucky rifles.
blessing to Kentucky Gunners hit in the war of independence Strike two most famous achievements. First, in June 1777 Battle of Saratoga (Battle of Saratoga), the shot at 300 yards the British Simon? Faure color General (Gen. Simon Fraser), shattered the British commander in chief John? Berger because (Gen. John Burgoyne) Breakthrough program, resulting in thousands of British troops from Canada south to surrender. This victory not only greatly inspired the colonial people and affected the French are still waiting to see. The original French government and lobbying in Paris at that time were reported in Franklin looked down upon, ignore the game which after the victory of Versailles to open the door for him right away . Finally, the United States and France signed a treaty of alliance, the French sent naval war against the British.
Another victim was a British Ferguson Captain (Capt. Patrick Ferguson, was promoted to major). he himself is also a sharpshooter, the Kentucky rifle early in the war's success, his painstaking research and design a new type of rifle, not only accurate but also a breech-loading, the maximum rate of fire 6 rounds per minute, the effective range of 200 yards or more, performance and rate of fire are far than muskets. his rifle more advanced level of technology far beyond the contemporary standard.
to the British in 1776 he demonstrated his new top gun, causing great interest in them, producing a 100 guns, and so he recruited to form a wearing a green army uniform, a light infantry company (Light Company) to the Americas operations. his first battle in the 1777 Battle of Brandywine (Battle of Brandywine), the U.S. military played a large lost. In The campaign, he also aimed a 125 yards away is the U.S. military officer riding, probably because of the gentleman behind the officer he did not shoot, not knowing that the officer was in Washington! This is the famous other units, he later failed to re-form. Finally, in 1780 the Battle of Kings Mountain he was shot and killed a Kentucky rifle hand, after the death of his new rifle also will be annihilation. historical moment is really regrettable .
Napoleonic Wars (1792-1815)
in the mid-18th century, most of continental Europe has been established avant-garde forces with rifles, one of the most well-known German jaeger addition, there are French The voltigeur and chasseur, when the war between the States and France after the outbreak in 1792, they played a great function.
1799, the Russian war in Switzerland and France. Russian blockade of a battery, a French must pass through an important mountain pass, if the French army to the front sights on it, simply in the narrow mountain road is not open to display only killed for nothing. At this time the Swiss in the French army of volunteers to bring their rifles from the Russian submarine Army artillery about 400 yards, in just a few minutes, all the gunners killed or injured, cheap UGG boots, the French do not charge a single soldier on the back of the passes.
in European countries, only British military rifles do not use a little attention, although during the Revolutionary War in the United States and Deficient eat rifles, and did not learn lessons .1799 year, a British landing operations in the Netherlands, in France rifle under the heavy casualties, are still unrepentant. even in the 1805 Battle of Cape Trafalgar, on the flagship Sniper injured, in pain and die happy intertwined.
later, the British finally remedy the situation, but also recruited a battalion of rifles hand, designation is the sixty-fifth Infantry battalion, members of the majority are of German descent the jaeger. and then also set up a rifle the famous ninety-fifth regiment, in Ilya Peninsula (Spain) to play a significant operational functions. ninety-fifth group is characterized by a rifle wearing a dark green uniforms, unlike the British regular army of bright red. most of them as avant-garde work, to fight against the French army officer, in the French army caused great casualties.
American Civil War (1861-1865) < br> 1849, the French army Captain Claude-Etienne Minie invented the end of a concave hole bomb warheads, the gas will be when the bullet fired through the bottom of the concave hole stretch warheads, with the barrel of the rifle bite; way, bullet diameter than the bore diameter can do little to solve the muzzle loading rifles difficult issues. to the American Civil War, almost all Western countries have all changed with the first bore rifle with detonators (rifle-musket) the.
Northern Army during the Civil War, Colonel Bo Dan (Col. Hiram Berdan, the future promotion of Brigadier General) in 1861, recruited two groups shooter (Berdanrs Regiments of Sharpshooters). They are the infantry units, primarily as a main force avant-garde, occasionally used as snipers. in the recently established, they use their own rifles or muzzle the dispensing wheel Colt rifle, only to have to use Sharps 1862 (Sharps) single breech rifles.
Christine? Sharps (Christian Sharps) in the fall of 1848 designed a type of breech locking device, to be his future after the bore rifle range basis. After several improvements, his 1859 design type used by the U.S. federal troops, as is the breech loading, in particular by the cavalry and the avant-garde forces welcome. United States Army during the war the North purchased a total of over 80,000 branches of Sharps Support Sharps carbine rifle and 9 thousand; the Yugoslav Army is concerned, although not to buy, but also set up factories in their own copy. In war, the Sharps rifle bullet to the use of metal shells, are still active in the western frontier regions, in hunting bison especially popular among hunters. It is said that even to the Korean War, is responsible for guarding prisoners of war in the Indian Army troops were still there with Sharps rifles.
Some say that the so-called sharpshooter is due to the use of the North Army marksman Sharp rifle from Sri Lanka, which of course, incorrectly relay an erroneous view. In addition to that of the sharpshooter in front of the word back in the early 19th century had already seen, another evidence Bodan recruiting poster that year. In August 1861 in a The poster said: The striker, rather than starting from scratch training. is to require minimum standards for the recruitment of 200 yards firing 10 rounds, hair hair must fall within the 10-inch diameter circle. rather special place is that they have begun to use camouflage, the uniform of the body Army North is dark green instead of blue uniform standard. Because it is the relationship between avant-garde, they are generally prepared by the above company level to meet the enemy, engagement, usually from 400 yards in the following; to carry out attacks on individuals the opportunity to man relatively less, but a record number of victories.
Army sniper in the South did not open as big as the North's military establishment, the shortage of resources were more in the south, sniper rifles used by the UK illegally imported The most famous is the Kerr (Kerr) and the benefits Chillingworth (Whitworth) these two rifles. The two guns are muzzle charge, fitted with optical sight range of up to twelve hundred yards after the above particularly among the most accurate rifles Hui Chillingworth, the names of several sniper rifles are Chillingworth with benefits in the seven or eight hundred yards completed. Because these guns expensive rare (one year to benefit Chillingworth asking price $ 500 rifles, a Sharps rifle Northern Army for $ 43, if the average soldier is allotted the first bore rifle, cheaper, less than $ 20), the Yugoslav Army, only thousands of players can be selected as a shooting sniper, usually not in a few people in the military.
Although the small number of Yugoslav Army snipers, but very brilliant victories; they do not serve as general service, on the battlefield freely and to choose the most effective sniper position . Throughout the Civil War, at least three army generals in South North of these long-range military sniper victims, casualties in the other junior officers, and many more. even Lincoln himself was targeted in the inspection of the battlefield, although he escaped a difficult, but was hit his retinue.
addition to dealing with personnel goals, two sniper artillery also favorite targets. At that time, the lack of communication method, still have to use direct visual artillery fire, with the location can not be too far away from the enemy lines, usually in the 700,800 yards outside. a good sniper gun coupled with a good, often can not allow the gunner to muzzle-loading (at the time were muzzle guns), sometimes even mobile gun emplacements are not. So long as the artillery was a sniper found traces of the enemy (then still using black powder, shooting will produce a lot of white smoke), usually immediately turned around the muzzle, the sniper near the H a pulpy.
fact, to equipment, the Sharps rifle breech the advantages are obvious. First of all, the gun breech under almost any position can be filled, the cavalry is not a problem in the immediate use of infantry if more can be lying or kneeling position after hiding covert filling, it is convenient for snipers; if the former bore rifles, the soldiers must be vertical loading, the target exposed to too much, can not be used immediately.
In addition, breech loading very fast little mistakes, and if a problem is easy to troubleshooting. muzzle loading gun complicated procedures, although from the 18th century have been used to facilitate the loading of ammunition wrapped, the entire procedure or faster it up. 1834 when the British Army before the test bore gun using detonators when records show that even skilled soldiers, but also per-minute rate of fire three rounds; this is no fighting in the results under pressure. In actual combat, due to various factors , two rounds per minute can be maintained even if the good. Also, soldiers in the occasion of confusion on the battlefield is prone to error. One of the most common mistake is to forget to pass, after filling out the barrel section, a pull the trigger, cleaning rod do not know where to go fly, they can not be filled.
Another common mistake is not in a hurry between warheads mistakenly inserted into the first gun powder, resulting in no bullets, the soldiers can only exit to the back of the ranks slowly warheads dug out. Is it still the foresight, many soldiers in the battle simply forget that they have no shot, no bullets have also not clear, often repeated loading, the results of course, worse. in 1863 After the Battle of Gettysburg Union Army clean up the battlefield, that left two soldiers on the battlefield 37,574 rifles, the barrel there are 24,000 sticks of bullets, including one with 6,000 warheads, warheads mistakenly plug the two There are 12,000 sticks, stuffed 3-10 with 6,000 warheads, the highest record is stuffed with a gun in the 23 warheads, is called the genius of the world out of handwriting.
Boer War (1899-1901) < br> to the Boer War, the warring sides have started to use a modern bolt rifle bolt. the British are using a .303-inch Lee? Enfield rifle (Lee-Enfield rifle), who use the name Pol The Mauser rifle (Mauser rifle).
Mauser rifle shooting in the quasi-long ...